![]() ![]() , Google Scholar CrossrefĮxperimental investigation on the leading-edge vortex formation and detachment mechanism of a pitching and plunging plate,” J. Leading-edge vortices: Mechanics and modeling,” Annu. , Google Scholar Crossrefįlow mechanism for the effect of pivot point on the aerodynamic characteristics of a pitching airfoil and its manipulation,” Phys. Investigation of a sliding alula for control augmentation of lifting surfaces at high angles of attack,” Aerosp. Google Scholar CrossrefĪn experimental study of an airfoil with a bio-inspired leading edge device at high angles of attack,” Smart Mater. Google ScholarĪlula-inspired leading edge device for low Reynolds number flight,” in ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (Īmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016). The role of the alula in avian flight and it's application to small aircraft: A numerical study,” Master's thesis ( Scaling trends of bird's alular feathers in connection to leading-edge vortex flow over hand-wing,” Sci. On the maintenance of an attached leading-edge vortex via model bird alula,” J. The function of the alula on engineered wings: A detailed experimental investigation of a bioinspired leading-edge device,” Bioinspiration Biomimeticsġ4(5), 056015 (2019). The alula and its aerodynamic effect on avian flight,” in ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition ( The function of the alula in avian flight,” Sci. On the aerodynamics of leading-edge high-lift devices of avian wings,” Proc. IDR/UPM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Meseguer et al., The Alula: A Leading Edge, High Lift Device of Birds ( , Google Scholar CrossrefĪutomatic aeroelastic devices in the wings of a steppe eagle Aquila nipalensis,” J. Vergleichende untersuchungen zur flugbiologischen funktion des Daumenfittichs (Alula spuria) bei vögeln,” Z. Tip-vortex flow characteristics investigation of a novel bird-like morphing discrete wing structure,” Phys. Passive separation control of a NACA0012 airfoil via a flexible flap,” Phys. Recent progress in autonomous take-off and landing technology of bird-like flapping-wing aerial vehicle,” J. SmartBird, Bird Flight Deciphered, 2011.”, Google Scholar Google Scholar Crossrefįorce generation and wing deformation characteristics of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle ‘DelFly II’ in hovering flight,” Bioinspiration Biomimeticsġ1(3), 036014 (2016). The optimal geometric parameters to obtain maximum lift enhancement are a dimensionless spanwise location of 0.5, a relative angle of 0°, and a deflection angle of 10°, with a lift enhancement of 5.5% compared to the baseline wing.ĭevelopment of the nano hummingbird: A tailless flapping wing micro air vehicle,” in 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition (2012). ![]() The relative angle affects mainly the strength of the ATEV, whereas the deflection angle affects mainly the strength of the ASV. The dimensionless spanwise location affects the strength of both the ATEV (alula trailing edge vortex) and ASV (alula streamwise vortex). Different geometric parameters have different influences on these two effects. At mid-time of the upstroke, the vortex generator effect plays the main role. At the beginning of the upstroke, the slot effect plays the main role. The alula has both the slot effect and vortex generator effect during the flapping motion, whereas the effect that plays a main role in lift enhancement changes as time varies. Thus, we numerically investigated the function of the alula with different geometric parameters on the flapping wing in this paper. Previous studies usually adopted a static model, ignoring unsteady effects caused by flapping motion. The leading-edge alula is considered a typical feather system that can enhance the flight envelope and capabilities of birds at low speed and high incidence. This agility stems from the multi-degree-of-freedom flapping motion and specialized feather systems that evolved over millions of years. Birds in nature have the ability to maintain high aerodynamic efficiency in complex flight conditions. ![]()
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